- Lex is a program that generates lexical analyzer. It is used with YACC parser generator.
- The lexical analyzer is a program that transforms an input stream into a sequence of tokens.
- It reads the input stream and produces the source code as output through implementing the lexical analyzer in the C program.
The function of Lex is as follows:
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- LEX: Lex - A Lexical Analyzer Generator M. Lex helps write programs whose control flow is directed by instances of regular expressions in the input stream. It is well suited for editor-script type transformations and for segmenting input in preparation for a parsing routine.
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- Firstly lexical analyzer creates a program lex.1 in the Lex language. Then Lex compiler runs the lex.1 program and produces a C program lex.yy.c.
- Finally C compiler runs the lex.yy.c program and produces an object program a.out.
- a.out is lexical analyzer that transforms an input stream into a sequence of tokens.
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Lex file format
A Lex program is separated into three sections by %% delimiters. The formal of Lex source is as follows:
Definitions include declarations of constant, variable and regular definitions.
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Rules define the statement of form p1 {action1} p2 {action2}....pn {action}.
Where pi describes the regular expression and action1 describes the actions what action the lexical analyzer should take when pattern pi matches a lexeme.
User subroutines are auxiliary procedures needed by the actions. The subroutine can be loaded with the lexical analyzer and compiled separately.
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Here’s how you can do it:
Installing Softwares:
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- Download Flex 2.5.4a
- Download Bison 2.4.1
- DownloadDevC++
- Install Flex at “C:GnuWin32“
- Install Bison at “C:GnuWin32“
- Install DevC++ at “C:Dev-Cpp“
- Open Environment Variables.
- Add “C:GnuWin32bin;C:Dev-Cppbin;” to path.
Compilation & Execution of your Program:
- Open Command prompt and switch to your working directory where you have stored your lex file (“.l“) and yacc file (“.y“)
- Let your lex and yacc files be “hello.l” and “hello.y“. Now, follow the preceding steps to compile and run your program.
- For Compiling Lex file only:
- flex hello.l
- gcc lex.yy.c
- For Compiling Lex & Yacc file both:
- flex hello.l
- bison -dy hello.y
- gcc lex.yy.c y.tab.c
- For Executing the Program
- a.exe